The relationships of three families, Amphisphaeriaceae, Clypeosphaeria
ceae, and Pleurotremaceae are considered, as are those of other member
s of the Xylariales in a narrow sense. Keys are provided to the famili
es accepted in the order, to the genera assigned to three of the famil
ies, and to North American species of these genera. Newly described ar
e one genus Dyrithium, and ten species: Amphisphaerella deceptiva, Amp
hisphaeria arizonica, Crassoascus canadensis, Discostroma empetri, D.
ledi, D. pachystimae, D. rhododendri, Phomatospora striatispora, P lit
hocarpi, and Saccardoella separans. New combinations are proposed as:
Discostroma succineum, Dyrithium lividum, Jobellisia rhynchostoma, Pho
matospora minutella, Pseudovalsaria peckii, and Saccardoella macroasca
.