THE ETIOLOGY OF LATE LOWER ARCH CROWDING ALTERNATIVE TO MESIALLY DIRECTED FORCES - A REVIEW

The causes of late crowding in the lower arch alternative to mesially directed forces are reviewed under the headings: late mandibular growt h, skeletal structure and complex growth pattern, soft tissue maturati on, periodontal forces, tooth structure, occlusal factors, and connect ive tissue changes. A multifactorial basis for late lower arch crowdin g seems likely.