3-DIMENSIONAL HALIDE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SILVER-HALIDE GRAINS, USING AEM

Techniques described can be used to determine the three-dimensional ha lide distribution of individual silver halide grains. The concentratio n level and location of the halides in mixed silver halide emulsions c an have a significant effect on emulsion photographic behavior. Althou gh the techniques of neutron activation and x-ray diffraction can dete rmine the bulk-iodide level and phase, they cannot determine the grain -to-grain (intergrain) or intragrain iodide distribution. Recent advan ces in analytical electron microscopy, in combination with the appropr iate sample preparation technique, can be used to determine the three- dimensional halide distribution of an individual silver halide grain. Using analytical electron microscopy, we have determined the halide di stribution of individual grains in an AgBrI emulsion.