H. Moilanen et al., DEVELOPMENT OF PIEZOELECTRIC MICROMOVEMENT ACTUATOR FABRICATION USINGA THICK-FILM DOUBLE-PASTE PRINTING METHOD, Sensors and actuators. A, Physical, 43(1-3), 1994, pp. 357-365
A new type of low-voltage (<40 V) Pb0.97Nd0.02(Ti0.45Zr0.55)O3 multila
yer actuator has been realized by thick-film hybrid technology. A new
DPP (double-paste printing) method has been developed for the multilay
er printing of actuators. For the characterization of the actuator per
formance, piezoelectric constants (d33 = 315 X 10(-12) m/V), displacem
ents (0-200 nm), resonances (f=0-400 kHz) and forces of actuators unde
r the action of d.c. and a.c. electric fields are determined. Interfer
ometric displacement measurements and a thick-film printed integrated
combination of an actuator and a force sensor are used for these measu
rements. The response to the complex combination of mechanical and ele
ctrical loads is explored using round-type test devices prepared accor
ding to the model design (diameter 5 mm).