D. Ila et al., ION-BEAM-INDUCED CARBONIZATION OF PARTIALLY CURED PHENOLIC RESIN, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 91(1-4), 1994, pp. 580-583
Partially cured phenolic resin films were irradiated with N5+ ions at
6.5 MeV, He-2+ ions at 1.5 MeV and protons at 0.5 MeV. These films wer
e prepared by spin coating and subsequent annealing at 150-degrees-C,
Irradiated volumes in each sample were tested in situ for enhanced ele
ctrical conductivity and later on by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Ra
man microprobe spectroscopy of the darkened phase shows development of
the D and G lines which are characteristic of the production of a car
bonized resin. This localized transformation depending on the energy a
nd type of the incident ion, occurred preferentially at a shallow dept
h rather than throughout the volume and is due to the direct energy tr
ansfer from beam to target, localized thermal annealing processes and
the chemical reaction between stopped neutralized incident ion and the
sample depending on the type of the species used for bombardment.