Hh. Cho et Rj. Goldstein, AN IMPROVED LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER KAPPA-EPSILON TURBULENCE MODEL FOR RECIRCULATING-FLOWS, International journal of heat and mass transfer, 37(10), 1994, pp. 1495-1508
A revised form of the low-Reynolds-number kappa-epsilon turbulence mod
el is presented that aptly describes recirculating (separated and reat
tached) flows. The revised model is well suited for low to moderate Re
ynolds numbers. It is applied to two-dimensional channel flows, flow o
ver a backward facing step, and flow over a forward facing step to cal
culate flow fields and surface heat or mass transfer rates. Results fr
om the present model are in better agreement with experimental data th
an other low-Reynolds-number models. Asymmetric flow through an array
of rectangular cylinders, as well as in a two-dimensional symmetric su
dden expansion duct, is found numerically and supported by experimenta
l results.