The inflorescence of Symplocarpus foetidus constitutes good material t
o analyse the biological processes and physical constraints involved i
n the development of plants. At the adult stage, the inflorescence has
an ovoid form. It contains about 65 flowers with a pentagonal or hexa
gonal form. The floral primordia appears in alternate rows from the ba
sal to the upper part of the inflorescence. Growth zones can be recogn
ized, but it is not possible to determine the exact order of appearanc
e of successive flowers. The phyllotactic systems observed are 5(2,3),
4(3,4), 2(4,3), 6(1,2), and (9,8). The form of the inflorescence chan
ges during growth. In the early stages, when the floral primordia appe
ar, the inflorescence is as wide as long. Afterwards, it becomes longe
r than wide. The younger primordia have a circular for that they lose
when the floral organs begin to grow. The contact parastichies are rec
ognized during the first stages of development but, as the floral part
s begin to grow, the phyllotactic system loses its regularity. During
the development of the inflorescence, two morphogenetic periods can be
distinguished (i) before and (ii) during and after the initiation of
floral parts. During the first period, when the floral primordia appea
r, the phyllotactic system could be explained by global processes at t
he inflorescence level. During the second period, the development of f
loral parts produces patterns which can be explained by local processe
s at the floral level. In this analysis, the author defines the concep
ts of open system and closed system in phyllotaxis. In a closed system
(e.g., spadix), the elements are arranged on a continuous and closed
surface. In an open system (e.g., shoot apex), the elements appear on
a surface periodically renewed and are spaced by the intercalary growt
h.