MODELING SEA-SALT AEROSOLS IN THE ATMOSPHERE .2. ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES

Atmospheric sea-salt aerosol concentrations are studied using both lon g-term observations and model simulations of Na+ at seven stations aro und the globe. Good agreement is achieved between observations and mod el predictions in the northern hemisphere. A stronger seasonal variati on occurs in the high-latitude North Atlantic than in regions close to the equator and in high-latitude southern hemisphere. Generally, conc entrations are higher for both boreal and austral winters. With the mo del, the production flux and removal flux at the atmosphere-ocean inte rface was calculated and used to estimate the global sea-salt budget. The flux also shows seasonal variation similar to that of sea-salt con centration. Depending on the geographic location, the model predicts t hat dry deposition accounts for 60-70% of the total sea-salt removed f rom the atmosphere while in-cloud and below-cloud precipitation scaven ging accounts for about 1% and 28-39% of the remainder, respectively. The total amount of sea-salt aerosols emitted from the world oceans to the atmosphere is estimated to be in the vicinity of 1.17 X 10(16) g yr(-1). Approximately 99% of the sea-salt aerosol mass generated by wi nd falls back to the sea with about 1-2% remaining in the atmosphere t o be exported from the original grid square (300 x 300 km). Only a sma ll portion of that exported (similar to 4%) is associated with submicr on particles that are likely to undergo long-range transport.