This paper develops a general framework for the analysis of marketing
margins and the food system. It extends previous work by: (i) disaggre
gating farm-level production, food processing and food wholesale/retai
l activities, (ii) introducing closure with respect to factor markets
and the rest of the economy, and (iii) introducing closure with respec
t to production and consumption in other regions. An analysis of the i
mpact of income growth on the farm-retail price spread is shown to be
dependent on the source of the income growth.