The problem of pitviper bite in field researchers working in Middle Am
erica (Mexico to Panama) was studied using case histories of nine biol
ogists and one project employee bitten during the period of 1980 to 19
91. All snakes involved were Bothrops asper. Based on local tissue and
systemic effects, seven cases were severe, three with permanent disab
ility. There were no fatalities. Although antivenom was administered i
ntramuscularly as field treatment to seven victims and later intraveno
usly as hospital treatment to nine as patients, its effect on outcome
was uncertain. Nevertheless, intramuscular antivenom is recommended fo
llowing an adult Bothrops asper bite when there are signs of envenomat
ion and travel time to a treatment facility is more than four hours. T
he Extractor (Aspivenin) suction device may be of some benefit, but in
cisions, constricting bands, and electroshock should not be used. Havi
ng a prior plan of action and implementing it effectively is most like
ly to improve outcome. Three bites occurred during 1.5 million person-
hours in the field with Bothrops asper at four field operations in Bel
ize, Costa Rica, and Guatemala. Although risk of Bothrops asper bite t
o field researchers is low, it should not be ignored.