This study evaluated how many patients with azoospermia might have fer
tility potential using assisted conception techniques. A total of 102
male patients with azoospermia were included in the study. Thirteen pa
tients had sex chromosomal abnormalities. Testicular biopsy performed
in the other 89 patients showed incomplete spermatogenesis in 47 of th
em whereas 42 had complete spermatogenesis. In the latter 42 patients,
distal vasography demonstrated bilateral obstruction of the excurrent
ducts in 14 patients whereas no distal obstruction of the ducts was f
ound in 28. The 89 patients were divided into three groups according t
o the findings of testicular biopsy and distal vasography. In the 14 p
atients with both complete spermatogenesis and distal obstruction of t
he excurrent ducts, surgical procedures are applicable. The pathogenes
is of the 28 patients with complete spermatogenesis but without distal
obstruction of the ducts should be clarified for further treatment.