Wind erosion adversely affects soils, plants, animals, equipment, the
environment, and people. Wind erosion can be minimized or prevented by
either standing residue or fiat residue cover. Our objective was to d
evelop mathematical relationships between these two crop residue prop
erties and soil toss ratio (SLR: soil loss from protected soil/soil lo
ss from flat, bare soil), for more accurate predictions of wind erosio
n son losses. Therefore, from a previously reported wind tunnel study
(wind tunnel 1.1. m high, 0.51 m wide, and 5 m long) we took data for
velocities ranging from 9.4 to 16.1 m s(-1) and silhouette areas (5) o
f upright wood dowels (simulating plant stems) ranging from 31 to 813
cm(2) m(-2) of soil surface (washed sand <0.42 mm) and developed the f
ollowing equation for standing residue and SLR(5): SLR(delta) = exp(-2
8.49 x S-0.6413/V-2.423) (r(2) = 0.95), where 5 = stalk height (cm) x
stalk diameter (cm) x stalk density (no. m(-2) and V = wind velocity i
n m s(-1) at a height of 0.61 m. We combined data from a second previo
usly reported wind tunnel (0.9 m high, 0.6 m wide, and 7 m long) study
in which the soil had been covered from 0.0 to 80.0% with wood dowels
, artificial clods, or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) gin trash with d
ata from field studies published by other researchers for various soil
types and soil coverages ranging from S to 95% with wheat (Triticum a
estivum L.) residue or gravel, and developed the following equation fo
r soil cover and SLR(c): SLR(c) = exp(-0.04380 x psc) (r(2) = 0.94), w
here pse is the percent of the soil that is covered by nonerodible mat
erial (e.g., soil aggregates, rocks, plant material). These equations
should be useful to researchers developing and evaluating wind erosion
models, prediction systems, and wind erosion control practices.