In this review we have tried to outline some of the recent experimenta
l data which has contributed to our understanding the neurobiology of
herpesviruses. We have attempted to draw together the threads of sever
al different but related disciplines, i.e. virology, immunology, neuro
biology and cell biology, to demonstrate how all are inextricably link
ed and may be used in combination to address some of the issues surrou
nding the molecular basis of herpesvirus latency and reactivation. In
conclusion, the interaction between virus and host and in particular t
he neuron, is very complex. We have probably only scratched the surfac
e here in revealing some of the many pathways and factors which are th
ought to impinge on this unique relationship. Ultimately, it is likely
that a full understanding of that relationship will prove to be one o
f the most exciting and important milestones in biology.