F. Soavi et al., INCIPIENT UPSETTING OF SOLID CYLINDERS BETWEEN RIGID AND ELASTIC TOOLS, International journal of mechanical sciences, 36(7), 1994, pp. 601-615
Non-uniform, cold deformation of an elastic, strain-hardening cylinder
in axial compression between two rigid and two elastic dies with comp
lete sticking to the die-workpiece interface was studied using the fin
ite element method. It is shown how the die elasticity influences the
prediction of loads, the distribution of normal stresses, the appearan
ce and growth of the plastic region. The results are verified experime
ntally by microhardness tests performed on the upset specimens.