A. Alajbegovic et al., PHASE DISTRIBUTION AND TURBULENCE STRUCTURE FOR SOLID FLUID UPFLOW INA PIPE, International journal of multiphase flow, 20(3), 1994, pp. 453-479
The phase distribution and turbulence structure for solid/fluid upflow
in a vertical pipe were investigated. Spherical particles, approximat
ely 2 mm in diameter, were used and runs were made with particles havi
ng two different specific gravities. In particular, ceramic particles,
which were heavier than water, and expanded polystyrene particles, wh
ich were lighter than water, were used. A new method is presented for
the measurement of the volume fraction in solid/fluid two-phase flows
using a laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA). The measured local time fracti
ons obtained with the LDA must be corrected, because bias is produced
by the presence of natural seeding, the finite size of the measurement
volume and interruptions of the laser beams by the dispersed particle
s. An analytical method has been developed which accounts for these ef
fects. A single-beam traversing gamma-ray densitometer was used as a r
eference against which to assess the volume fraction correction method
. Good agreement between the corrected LDA and gamma-ray densitometer
results was obtained. The volume fraction profiles show that at low fl
ow rates the ceramic particles have an almost uniform distribution, wh
ile increasing the flow rate causes coring. In contrast, the phase dis
tribution of the light polystyrene particles had wall peaking for both
the low and high flow rates. However, wall peaking was flattened as l
iquid flow rate was increased.