An efficient first-order algorithm with an exact calculation of the gr
adients is described and applied to the refinement of inhomogeneous di
electric thin films. Numerical results calculated at normal and obliqu
e angles of incidence are correlated with an important mathematical th
eorem. It is shown that, when appropriate conditions are satisfied, th
e synthesis process generates binary-type solutions based on two mater
ials, including classical multilayers. (C) 1997 Optical Society of Ame
rica.