Recent optimality models of host-parasitoid associations have assumed
that host quality varies with host size or age at parasitism. This is
based on the fact that larger hosts provide more resources, making siz
e a reliable indicator of the amount of resources available for parasi
toid development. Few studies have examined this in parasitoids that a
llow their hosts to continue development after parasitism (koinobiont
parasitoids). In this study we compared growth trajectories of the koi
nobiont ichneumonid endoparasitoid Venturia canescens developing in fo
ur larval instars of one of its hosts, the moth Plodia interpunctella.
Hosts were reared with excess food and parasitized as late second, th
ird, fourth, and fifth instars. Hosts were dissected at intervals afte
r parasitism, and host and parasitoid dry mass determined. The survivo
rship, development time, and size of eclosing adult wasps were also mo
nitored. Hosts parasitized by Venturia continued to grow and become pr
epupae, although their maximum masses were progressively smaller the e
arlier that the hosts were parasitized: second-instar (L2) hosts grew
to 70% of control (unparasitized) size, while L4 and L5 hosts reached
control size. The maximum larval dry mass, as well as eclosing adult s
ize, varied with host instar at parasitism. Venturia larvae spent prol
onged periods as first instars when developing from L2 hosts and grew
most rapidly during early stages in L5 larvae. The data shaw that for
Venturia, host duality is not a direct function of host size at parasi
tism. Furthermore, the pattern of development shown by Venturia differ
s markedly from that shown by aphidiid koinobiont parasitoids.