The rubbing of a polymer layer, a commonly applied process, leads to a
n anisotropic surface morphology, aligning liquid crystal molecules. S
canning force microscopy can be used to intentionally create areas wit
h a similar anisotropy by operating the instrument at loads in the ran
ge of 10(-7) to 10(-5) newtons. These areas have an orientation effect
on liquid crystals indistinguishable from the rubbing process, which
allows a systematic investigation of the orientation properties of an
alignment layer as a function of its nanometer-scale morphology. Refra
ctive index patterns can be tailored with this method by scratching a
suitable area, as demonstrated by fabrication of an optical waveguide
6 micrometers wide and 5 millimeters long.