M. Vergeles et al., MEAN-FIELD THEORY OF SANDPILES, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 55(2), 1997, pp. 1998-2000
We propose a mean-field theory of sandpiles with dissipation introduce
d in a clear and physical way. We obtain all exponents for our model b
y constructing a master equation and mapping the model into a branchin
g process. Two of the exponents are found to depend on a parameter rel
ating the rate of dissipation to that of the addition of sand grains t
o the system, whereas the others are universal.