ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON NORWAY SPRUCE NEEDLE WAX

In spring, tubular wax structures were observed on the needle surfaces of new Norway spruce needles and also on previous-year needles. In yo ung plants, as in mature trees, the fusing ana eroding of the wax tube s on needles of increasing age had taken place in relation to their ex posure, particularly to wind and precipitation. The quantity of needle wax and certain fractions of the extracted wax differed in mature tre es at two field sites and in young clonal plants. No difference in wax quantity and only small differences in wax composition occurred among young plants which had undergone different treatments (fumigation wit h O3, SO2, ambient air, filtered air, or planting at the sites). Envir onmental effects on wax structure, wax quantity and the presence of ce rtain compounds in the wax were identified.