S. Friedland et L. Gurvits, AN UPPER BOUND FOR THE REAL PART OF NONMAXIMAL EIGENVALUES OF NONNEGATIVE IRREDUCIBLE MATRICES, SIAM journal on matrix analysis and applications, 15(3), 1994, pp. 1015-1017
Let A be a nonnegative irreducible matrix. In this note an upper bound
is given for the real part of an eigenvalue of A that is different fr
om its spectral radius.