FREGEAN INNOCENCE

Frege's account of opacity is based on two attractive ideas: every mea ningful expression has a sense (Sinn) that determines the expression's semantic value (Bedeutung); and the semantic value of a 'that'-clause is the thought expressed by its embedded sentence. Considerations of compositionality led Frege to a more problematic view: inside 'that'-c lauses, an expression does not have its customary Bedeutung. But contr ary to initial appearances, compositionality does not entail a familia r substitutivity principle. And Fregeans can exploit this point in a w ay that lets them reject Bedeutung-shifting.