Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) has become a widely accepted techn
ology for multlevel interconnects. This article focuses on the manufac
turability of the CMP process. Cost of ownership was a metric to highl
ight the strengths and weaknesses of this technology. Due to recent in
creases in the reliability of the polishing tools, the focus of the de
velopment activity has shifted to the role of consumables. Key technol
ogical challenges facing CMP consumables are discussed.