ESTIMATES OF THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF BIRTH-DEFECTS

Birth defects now are the leading cause of infant mortality and a majo r contributor to heightened morbidity in the United States. Considerab le medical and nonmedical resources are devoted to treating persons wi th birth defects. Yet, little is known about birth defects' economic b urden to society and the profile of component direct and indirect cost s over the lifespan of those born with specific birth defects. Using a n incidence approach, we made the most comprehensive estimates to date of the cost of 18 of the most clinically significant birth defects in the United States. Our analysis provides the basis for assessing comp eting strategies for research and prevention.