The performance of a task is often assumed to be a prerequisite for th
e learning of many tasks, including the associative conditioning of co
urtship in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Transgenic flies sp
ecifically inhibited for the enzyme protein kinase C dissociate the ac
quisition of learning and memory from performance of the task. They fa
il to show immediate suppression of courtship but nonetheless develop
normal memory of it.