There is still much about the economic history of nineteenth-century A
ustralia which needs unravelling. Although the late N.G. Butlin produc
ed the most authoritative account yet written, it was inevitable that
new information would warrant reassessments. This article focuses on p
roblems associated with Butlin's estimates of wire-fencing investment
during the 1870-90 period. An alternative method for calculating rates
of wire-fencing investment is given for the years 1858-1914, for NSW
and then for the eastern seaboard of Australia. The work is a technica
l offering, but an important one because it reaffirms the need to cons
tantly re-examine our understanding of the past.