H. Primack et U. Smilansky, QUANTAL CONSEQUENCES OF PERTURBATIONS WHICH DESTROY STRUCTURALLY UNSTABLE ORBITS IN CHAOTIC BILLIARDS, Journal of physics. A, mathematical and general, 27(13), 1994, pp. 4439-4448
Non-generic contributions to the quantal level density from parallel s
egments in billiards are investigated. These contributions are due to
the existence of marginally stable families of periodic orbits, which
are structurally unstable, in the sense that small perturbations, such
as a slight tilt of one of the segments, destroy them completely. We
investigate the effects of such perturbations on the corresponding qua
ntum spectra, and demonstrate them for the stadium billiard.