Craniofacial development, which is influenced by both genetic and envi
ronmental factors, is extremely vulnerable to malformation-inducing ev
ents. The extremely broad spectrum of malformations seen in this area
may be disconcerting. Identification of a malformation and evaluation
of the prognosis requires elucidation of causative mechanisms. The fam
ily should then receive counselling. A protocol for treatment of the v
arious abnormal sites over time should be developed.