M. Keuter et al., PATTERNS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INHIBITORS DURING TYPHOID-FEVER, The Journal of infectious diseases, 169(6), 1994, pp. 1306-1311
Cytokines and inhibitors in plasma were measured in 44 patients with t
yphoid fever. Ex vivo production of the cytokines was analyzed in a wh
ole blood culture system with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ac
ute phase circulating concentrations of cytokines (+/-SD) were as foll
ows: interleukin (IL)-1 beta, <140 pg/mL; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF alpha), 130 +/- 50 pg/mL; IL-6, 96 +/- 131 pg/mL; and IL-8, 278 /- 293 pg/mL. Circulating inhibitors were elevated in the acute phase:
IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was 2304 +/- 1427 pg/mL and soluble
TNF receptors 55 and 75 were 4973 +/- 2644 pg/mL and 22,865 +/- 15,14
3 pg/mL, respectively. LPS-stimulated production of cytokines was lowe
r during the acute phase than during convalescence (mean values: IL-1
beta, 2547 vs. 6576 pg/mL; TNF alpha, 2609 vs. 6338 pg/mL; IL-6, 2416
vs. 7713 pg/mL). LPS-stimulated production of IL-1RA was higher in the
acute than during the convalescent phase (5608 vs. 3977 pg/mL). Inhib
ited production of cytokines during the acute phase may be due to a sw
itch from a proinflammatory to an antiinflammatory mode.