Bower and Osband (RAND Journal of Economics, 1991, 22, 107-119) recogn
ized the role of the defense profit policy as a 'handicapping device'
that induces low cost firms to aggressively buy in for future profits.
When designs are variable and actively competed in the bidding stage,
this paper finds that this handicapping role of the profit policy is
weakened by the fact that firms can dilute bidding competition by infl
ating quality.