BACKGROUND. Articles were identified from a literature search based on
Index Medicus from 1983 onwards with additional, as yet, unpublished
data obtained directly from ongoing research at The Middlesex Hospital
Vascular Laboratory. Original scientific articles were selected if th
ey addressed the mechanisms causing venous ulceration in relation to t
he events in the microcirculation. OBJECTIVE. To review the mechanisms
proposed recently to explain the pathogenesis of venous ulceration. R
ESULTS. Recent data suggest that there is a systemic inflammatory resp
onse associated with the presence of venous disease in the lower limb,
as indicated by measuring plasma neutrophil elastase and lactoferrin.
In volunteers without venous disease white cell activation may be pro
duced by experimental venous hypertension lasting 30 minutes, produced
by applying a venous tourniquet to the lower limb or by standing with
out moving for 30 minutes. CONCLUSION. Inflammatory mechanisms play a
significant role in the pathogenesis of venous disease but the exact m
echanisms producing venous ulceration remain to be elucidated.