Recent literature has established that financial disruption has real c
osts which justify government intervention in the financial sector. On
e form of government intervention is deposit insurance. In this paper
we determine the optimal pricing and subsidy of deposit insurance in a
social welfare context. The main conclusion is that optimal deposit i
nsurance need not be actuarially fair. In an economy with a real and a
financial sector we consider the effects of taxation and social (poli
tical) weights of the sectors. We analyze two policy tools: government
supervision and deposit insurance pricing.