Helicobacter pylori infection continues to generate considerable inter
est in the medical and scientific community. There is now overwhelming
evidence to confirm that H. pylori plays an etiologic role in the dev
elopment of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastri
c cancer. Tremendous progress continues to be made in identifying the
pathogenic mechanisms by which chronic H. pylori infection promotes th
e development of gastroduodenal disease. This review outlines the rece
nt contribution to the literature and focuses on the epidemiology, dia
gnosis, and therapy of H. pylori, an update on vaccine development, an
d new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms resulting in the develop
ment of gastroduodenal disease.