After previous treatment failure using tamoxifen either alone or in co
mbination with kallikrein, 25 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoter
atozoospermia (OAT syndrome) were subjected to 3 months of treatment w
ith pentoxifylline at a dosage of 1200 mg/day. The only statistically
significant (p < .008) improvement detected in the post-therapeutic sp
ermiograms was an increase of normal forms. All other ejaculate parame
ters (density, motility, swelling test, penetration test) remained unc
hanged, and there was only one post-therapeutic pregnancy. It would ap
pear the pentoxifylline after failure of established treatment modalit
ies is not a therapy of choice in idiopathic OAT syndrome.