A MODEL OF UNIVERSAL LEADERSHIP BASED ON PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE

A model is developed that links Jungian type theory to universal leade rship theories. Essential elements of type theory are presented. Major universal leadership theories are briefly reviewed. They hold that le aders use the same two-dimensional leadership style in all situations. Based on a central tenet of type theory, that individuals' behavior a nd actions are influenced by psychological predispositions, prediction s of behavior toward people and tasks are made for eight types of lead ers. The predictions are summarized in a model of leadership and type. Implications of the predictions are discussed in four different ways. First, based on type theory, an algebraic formula of personality is d eveloped Second, type theory is utilized to integrate conflicting rese arch findings in leadership and to reconceptualize divergent leadershi p theories. Third, ten general principles relating type and leadership are developed. Fourth, for practice, it is suggested how the model de veloped can bring about a better fit between type of a leader and requ irements of a position.