Y. Deyoung et Ef. Zigler, MACHISMO IN 2 CULTURES - RELATION TO PUNITIVE CHILD-REARING PRACTICES, American journal of orthopsychiatry, 64(3), 1994, pp. 386-395
The relationship of culture, personality traits, and punitive child-re
aring practices to machismo was examined in 40 Guyanese and 40 Caucasi
an parents with children aged four to 12 years. Guyanese parents were
found to adhere more strongly to machista attitudes and beliefs and to
employ controlling, authoritarian, and punitive child-rearing techniq
ues more often than did Caucasian parents.