DIPOLE AND HIGHER MULTIPOLE PARTICLE CREATION IN THE STEADY-STATE UNIVERSE

The birth of a particle in an otherwise empty universe is studied. The particle is a sphere of radius a, with uniform mass density and surfa ce charge density corresponding to a point dipole p, at the origin. Co nsistent with equations of general relativity and Maxwell's equations, gravity and dipole fields propagate away from the particles initiatio n with the speed of light. Field energies are supplied by the particle 's mass which subsequently decays in time. Asymptotic solution to a no nlinear equation for the remaining mass gives the following criterion for the mass to survive the expanding fields: m0 c2 > u(p), where u(p) = p2/3a3 is the self-energy of the dipole particle. A similar relatio n is derived for all higher order multipole particles resulting in a p arallel inequality with u(p) replaced by the self-energy of the multip ole particle. In all such events, from the monopole to all higher mult ipole particles, it is found that if the multipole component of self-e nergy is equated to the starting rest-mass energy of the particle, the n the final state of the system includes a massless multipole particle with its corresponding multipole potential field. As such particles a re not observed in nature, it is concluded that for consistency of the steady state universe, the starting rest mass of a multipole particle must exceed the multipole component of its self-energy.