THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO2 TRANSFER CONDUCTANCE AND LEAF ANATOMY INTRANSGENIC TOBACCO WITH A REDUCED CONTENT OF RUBISCO

The CO2 transfer conductance in leaves quantifies the ease with which CO2 can diffuse from substomatal cavities to sites of carboxylation wi thin the chloroplast. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the CO2 transfer conductance is proportional to the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces. We compared two ge notypes, wild-type and transgenic tobacco, that had been transformed w ith an antisense gene directed at the mRNA of the Rubisco small subuni t. Transgenic tobacco had lower rates of CO2 assimilation than wild-ty pe but similar chlorophyll contents. Leaf anatomy was altered by growi ng plants in two different environments: a high daily irradiance in a growth cabinet (12 h photoperiod of 1 mmol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) and a s unlit glasshouse. The growth cabinet gave at least twice the daily irr adiance compared to the glasshouse. The CO2 transfer conductance was c alculated from combined measurements of gas exchange and carbon isotop e discrimination measured in 2% oxygen. Following gas exchange measure ment, leaves were sampled for biochemical and anatomical measurement. In transgenic tobacco plants, Rubisco content was 35% of that found in the wild-type tobacco, the CO2 assimilation rate was 50% of the wild- type rate and the chlorophyll content was unaltered. While leaf mass p er unit leaf area of transgenic tobacco was 82% of that of the wild-ty pe, differences in leaf thickness and surface area of mesophyll cells exposed to intercellular airspace per unit leaf area (S-mes) were smal l (92 and 87% of wild-type, respectively). Leaves grown in the growth cabinet under high daily irradiance were thicker (63%), had a greater S-mes (41%) due to the development of thicker palisade tissue, had hig her photosynthetic capacity (27%) and contained more chlorophyll (58%) and Rubisco (77%), than leaves from plants grown in the glasshouse. I rrespective of genotype or growth environment, CO2 transfer conductanc e varied in proportion to surface area of chloroplasts exposed to inte rcellular airspaces. While the method for calculating CO2 transfer con ductance could not distinguish between limitations due to the gas or l iquid phases, there was no reduction in CO2 transfer conductance assoc iated with more closely packed cells, thicker leaves, nor with increas ing chloroplast thickness in tobacco.