Av. Fedorov et al., TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT EXCHANGE SPLITTING OF UNOCCUPIED ELECTRONIC STATES IN GD(0001), Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 50(4), 1994, pp. 2739-2742
Inverse photoemission with variable photon energy reveals the presence
of an empty surface state on Gd(0001)GAMMABAR, which shifts towards t
he Fermi energy (E(F)) with increasing temperature. Hereby, the surfac
e state leads to a significant increase in the d-like density of state
s at E(F), suggesting its involvement in the enhanced magnetic couplin
g in the topmost surface layer of Gd(0001). A temperature-dependent ex
change splitting is also observed for the empty 5d band that seems to
vanish only well above the bulk Curie temperature.