W. Groot et H. Oosterbeek, EARNINGS EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF SCHOOLING - HUMAN-CAPITALVERSUS SCREENING, Review of economics and statistics, 76(2), 1994, pp. 317-321
In this paper we divide actual years of schooling into effective years
, repeated years, skipped years, inefficient routing years and dropout
years. Estimation of earnings functions reveals that this typology is
statistically superior to the usual concepts of either actual or effe
ctive years of schooling. Based on our distinction we formulate tests
which discriminate between the human capital theory and the screening
hypothesis. The results give strong support to the human capital theor
y and refute the screening hypothesis.