H. Kumazawa et al., SYNTHESIS OF FINE SPHERICAL ZIRCONIA PARTICLES BY CONTROLLED HYDROLYSIS OF ZIRCONIUM ALKOXIDE IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE RANGE ABOVE 50-DEGREES-C, Chemical engineering journal and the biochemical engineering journal, 55(1-2), 1994, pp. 93-96
Fine spherical zirconia particles were synthesized by controlled hydro
lysis of zirconium tetrabutoxide in 1-propanol in the high temperature
range above 50-degrees-C and PrinciPally at a water molar ratio defin
ed by H2O]0/[Zr(OC4H9)4]0 equal to 3. The nucleation process was not c
ompletely separated from the particle growth process, but a coagulativ
e nucleation and growth mechanism seemed to be operative.