Ja. Washington et Hk. Craig, DIALECTAL FORMS DURING DISCOURSE OF POOR, URBAN, AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESCHOOLERS, Journal of speech and hearing research, 37(4), 1994, pp. 816-823
This study describes nonstandard syntactic and morphological forms use
d by 45 poor, urban, 4- to 5.5-year-old African American boys and girl
s. Distributional analyses revealed three subgroups distinguished by t
he percentage frequencies of occurrence of utterances containing speci
fic forms, and by the predominant types used by each group. Implicatio
ns for characterizing the linguistic productions of young African Amer
ican children are discussed.