This new integrated optical micro-encoder based on diffraction can mea
sure the distance traveled relative to a grating scale placed one hund
red and a few tens of microns away. The measurement resolution is on t
he order of 0.01 mum. The encoder is extremely small (only 500 mum squ
are, which is 1/100 the size of conventional encoders). It can thus be
incorporated into small actuators and motors and can be moved at high
speed, having extremely low inertia.