SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC EFFECTS OF PERINATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND AMYGDALA DNA AND DOPAC CONCENTRATIONS

The hypotheses that exposure of rats to alcohol during a period roughl y equivalent to the human third trimester induces changes in social in teractions and neurotransmitter and DNA concentrations in the amygdala region were examined. The alcohol exposure was accomplished via an ar tificial rearing procedure. There were two alcohol-exposed groups (3 a nd 5 g/kg/day of ethanol) and two control groups (one artificially rea red but not exposed to alcohol and one reared normally by dams) in all studies. Active social interactions were reduced in the male 5 g/kg/d ay group and increased in both female alcohol-exposed groups compared to their respective control groups. Exposure to 5 g/kg/day of alcohol reduced the DNA concentration in the amygdala region of male rats comp ared to either control group; there were no effects in females. Becaus e some systems have been shown to exhibit alcohol-induced changes only under stressed conditions, noradrenaline, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphen ylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HI AA) concentrations were measured in the amygdala region under both non stressed and stressed conditions. The stress-induced increase in DOPAC concentrations was enhanced in the female high dose group compared to either control group; there were no effects in males. In summary, alc ohol exposure during the early postnatal period altered social interac tions and DOPAC and DNA concentrations in the amygdala region in a sex ually dimorphic manner.