While the optimal vascular conduit for hemodialysis is undeniably an a
rterialized autogenous subcutaneous vein, only a minority of end-stage
renal disease patients can count on such access: the remainder requir
e implantation of a biomaterial conduit. This paper will briefly surve
y current biografts used for hemodialysis access, with an emphasis on
their known limitations, and will delineate the questions to be asked
- and answered - in the development of optimal dialysis access grafts.