EXPERT-SYSTEMS

The concept of computerized expert systems is explained, the potential utility of these systems in pharmacy is explored, and strategies and imperatives for implementing them are described. Computerized expert s ystems attempt a higher level of analysis than traditional computer pr ograms. They can be defined as systems that attempt to make or assist in a decision that is not yet completely and reliably definable in obj ective terms. Because of the information-intensive nature of pharmacy practice, this field is particularly suited to use of expert systems. Current applications include screening for drug interactions and thera peutic drug monitoring. Expert systems must offer a substantial advant age over human expertise (for example, by quickly analyzing enormous q uantities of data); those that perform functions that humans could per form have failed togain widespread use. An ideal hospital expert syste m would have access to any data available about a patient's care and w ould detect critical situations as they occur. Such a system would req uire pharmacists to shift from a prescription-based orientation to a c ase-management orientation. Factors to consider in implementing an exp ert system include linkage among multiple departments, usage options, development strategies, and maintenance requirements. Computerized exp ert systems hold great potential for application to pharmacy and may i nfluence the pharmacist's role in patient care.