Es. Kempa, HAZARDOUS WASTES AND ECONOMIC RISK REDUCTION - CASE-STUDY, POLAND, International journal of environment and pollution, 7(2), 1997, pp. 221-248
A concise summary balance of industrial and hazardous waste is given,
reflecting the situation in Poland. Nearly 130 million tonnes of waste
were generated annually in the past in more than 1300 larger industri
al plants. Approximately 1800 million tonnes of industrial waste is al
ready stockpiled. The amount of hazardous waste generated per year was
0.3 and 1.0 million tonnes of the first and second class of toxicity,
respectively. Seventeen existing on-site incinerators cannot treat th
e whole amount of solid and hazardous waste generated. Therefore, land
filling is still the most widely used method of waste disposal. Decont
amination of the abandoned areas left by the Soviet Army, and reclamat
ion of some hundreds of storage sites filled with outdated pesticides
are now added to the national plan of waste management. Its implementa
tion, including introduction of the best available and best managed te
chnologies of hazardous waste treatment and disposal, will take at lea
st 20 to 30 years.