Cz. Ji et al., THE BEHAVIOR OF HIGH-DOSE TI IMPLANTS IN H13 STEEL WITH A METAL VAPORVACUUM-ARC SOURCE, Surface & coatings technology, 66(1-3), 1994, pp. 521-524
The penetration depth of Ti ions extracted at 30 kV from a metal vapou
r vacuum arc source reaches 130 nm in H13 steel for a 5 x 10(17) cm-2
doping and is reduced to 60 nm for 1.5 x 10(19) cm-2. The retained con
centration is 21 at.% and 49 at.% respectively. The substantial struct
ural change is the formation and growth of Fe2Ti, FeTi etc., and Fe2Ti
precipitate becomes dominant at very high doses. The local electronic
environment around Fe sites is distinctly altered owing to the intera
ctions with Ti and the bonding state of Fe atoms is greatly enhanced.