PREDICTING HELPING BEHAVIORS - THE ROLE OF GENDER AND INSTRUMENTAL EXPRESSIVE SELF-SCHEMATA

In this study, the relationships among gender, instrumental/expressive self-schemata, and modes of helping were explored. During session one , the level of schematicity of 114 predominantly white undergraduate s ubjects was assessed using Spence and Helmreich's Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ), along with importance ratings of the PAQ items to subjects' self-descriptions. During session two, a week later, the sa me subjects read nine scenarios involving a friend in need of help. Su bjects were presented with problem-solving and nurturing behavior item s and were asked to rate how likely they were to help the friend. The data support Eagly and Crowley's (1986) social role theory but give li ttle support to Markus' (1977) self-schema theory. Findings indicated that overall, women were more likely to help than men. Additionally, w omen were more likely to help in a nurturant way than in a problem-sol ving way, whereas men did not differ in helping modes. Schematicity wa s not predictive of schema-relevant helping behavior when controlling for gender. The findings of this study imply that in circumscribed con texts, gender may play a more significant role in likelihood to engage in problem-solving and/or nurturing behaviors than schema per se.