One-hundred-and-fifty injecting drug users were interviewed about thei
r sexual behaviour, and types of sexual relationships and partners in
the past year. The aims of the study were to assess the extent of chan
ges in sexual HIV-risk behaviour patterns and to understand aspects of
respondents' sexual relationships, as well as HIV/AIDS knowledge. We
found few changes in sexual behaviour. The ability to assess personal
HIV-risk varied widely across the sample and intoxication during sexua
l activity was widely reported. Whilst the use of condoms was infreque
nt, young respondents were more likely to use condoms, but have more s
exual partners, hence a likely erosion of any net gain may have occurr
ed. Over half of the respondents were in sexually monogamous relations
hips and there were no significant gender-related differences in respe
ct of regular partners' IDU-status. Estimated rates of seroprevalence
in Perth are low and with the effectiveness of deterrence dependent on
visible negative outcomes, it may be difficult to ensure safer-sex me
ssages are heeded. These concerns are raised and facilitation of safer
-sex among IDUs are discussed. Further areas of research are recommend
ed.